OECD examines how the space economy is scaling from a niche sector into infrastructure shaped by governments, private capital, and commercial operators. Global revenues reached an estimated USD 550-600 billion in 2025, while nearly 15,000 satellites in orbit and rising defence demand create new concentration, resilience, and sustainability risks.
The Space Economy at a Glance 2026
OECD
Research
142 Pages
Key Takeaways
Space rivals semiconductors: Global space-related revenues reached an estimated USD 550-600 billion in 2025, approaching the roughly USD 620 billion global semiconductor industry.
Private operators dominate: Private operators accounted for 88% of satellites launched in 2025, up from 23% in 2010, while one operator controlled around 60% of active satellites.
Debris becomes economic: Nearly USD 200 billion of economic activity is exposed to debris risk, alongside 45,860 tracked objects and 140 million smaller untracked pieces.