Demographics

Demographics
July 2026

How Aging and Declining Populations Will Drive Product and Company Demand Tailwinds/Headwinds

Goldman Sachs

Evan Tylenda

Research

53 Pages

The authors examine how aging populations and falling fertility rates could reshape product, industry, and company demand.

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Demographics
June 2026

The Path to 2075 — Is Convergence Really Over?

Goldman Sachs

Kevin Daly

Research

15 Pages

Goldman Sachs argues economic convergence is not over when countries are weighted by population rather than treated equally.

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Global Macroeconomics
May 2026

The Path to 2075: The Positive Story of Global Aging

Goldman Sachs

Jan Hatzius

Research

21 Pages

Goldman Sachs argues that global aging may be less of a demographic crisis than many assume.

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Global Macroeconomics
December 2025

An Update to the Demographic Outlook, 2025 to 2055

Congressional Budget Office

Research

15 Pages

CBO projects that the U.S. population will increase from 350 million people in 2025 to 367 million people in 2055.

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Global Macroeconomics
May 2025

The Path to 2075 – The Positive Story of Global Aging

Goldman Sachs

Jan Hatzius

Research

21 Pages

Goldman Sachs reframes global aging as an opportunity rather than a crisis, noting that longevity gains and healthier aging are extending effective working lives.

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Global Macroeconomics
March 2025

Rising Toxicity and the Threat to Capitalism and Life Itself

GMO

Jeremy Grantham

Research

19 Pages

Jeremy Grantham warns that the unchecked spread of synthetic industrial chemicals—particularly endocrine disruptors—is a growing yet underrecognized risk to human health, biodiversity, and the future viability of modern economic systems.

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Global Macroeconomics
February 2025

AI, demographics, and the U.S. economy

Vanguard

Joe Davis

Research

33 Pages

Vanguard examines the push and pull between artificial intelligence and demographic-driven deficits, exploring their impact on U.S. economic growth in the decade ahead.

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Global Macroeconomics
January 2025

Dependency and depopulation: Confronting the consequences of a new demographic reality

McKinsey & Company

Research

82 Pages

McKinsey explores the implications of a new demographic reality brought on by falling fertility and increasing longevity.

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Markets
December 2024

10 for 10: Themes for the Next Decade

Man Group

Henry Neville

Research

9 Pages

Man Group presents ten secular investment themes expected to shape markets over the coming decade, grounded in geopolitical shifts, structural economic changes, and technological disruption. 

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Global Macroeconomics
April 2024

Exploring the Implications of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Demographic Explosion

Bridgewater

Devon Long, Will Barnes, Eka Zhao

Research

9 Pages

This paper explores how sub-Saharan Africa’s rapidly expanding working-age population may shape the global economy over coming decades.

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Global Macroeconomics
October 2022

Aging, Deflation, and Secular Stagnation

Federal Reserve Bank

Anton Braun

Research

9 Pages

The Atlanta Fed’s Policy Hub digs into the effects of rapid population aging on inflation, real interest rates, and GDP growth, which may be causing deflationary pressures and secular stagnation.

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Global Macroeconomics
June 2019

Vanguard Research: Megatrends The Economics of a Fraying World

Vanguard

Joseph Davis

Research

32 Pages

Vanguard explores how aging populations are reshaping global economic growth, labor markets, and investment outcomes.

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